Legal Drug 4

General: General and specific guides to detection of alcohol and drug use, and definition of addiction.

Contents:
I. General Guide to Detection
II. Definition of Addiction
III. Pupil Dilation
IV. Signs and Symptoms
V. Paraphernalia a) S/S Chart Version
VI. Drug Facts
VII. Articles and Other Resources
VIII. Drug Pictures/Resources
IX. NI-COR Topics
X. Additional Articles (Alcoholism, Drugs, Teenage Addiction, Interventions)
XI. Overdose and Emergency Intervention Techniques

I. Specific: General Guide to Detection
Abrupt changes in work or school attendance, quality of work, work output, grades, discipline.
Unusual flare-ups or outbreaks of temper. Withdrawal from responsibility. General changes in overall attitude. Deterioration of physical appearance and grooming.
Wearing of sunglasses at inappropriate times. Continual wearing of long-sleeved garments particularly in

hot weather or reluctance to wear short sleeved attire when
appropriate. Association with known substance abusers. Unusual borrowing of money from friends, co-workers or parents. Stealing small items from employer, home or
school. Secretive behavior regarding actions and possessions; poorly concealed attempts to avoid attention and suspicion such as frequent trips to storage rooms, restroom, basement, etc.

II. Specific: DSM-IV Definition of Addiction
A maladaptive pattern of substance use, leading to clinically significant impairment or distress, as manifested by three (or more) of the following, occurring at any time in the same 12-month period:

(1) Tolerance, as defined by either of the following:

a. A need for markedly increased amounts of the substance to achieve intoxication or desired effect.

b. Markedly diminished

effect with continued use of the same amount of the substance.

(2) Withdrawal, as manifested by either of the following:

a. The characteristic withdrawal syndrome for the substance

b. The same (or a closely related) substance is taken to relieve or avoid withdrawal symptoms. (

3) The substance is often taken in larger amounts or over
a longer period than was intended (loss of control).

(4) There is a
persistent desire or unsuccessful efforts to cut down or control
substance use (loss of control). (

5) A great deal of time is spent
in activities necessary to obtain the substance, use the substance,
or recover from its effects (preoccupation).

(6) Important social,
occupational, or recreational activities are given up or reduced
because of substance use (continuation despite

adverse
consequences).

(7) The substance use is continued despite
knowledge of having a persistent or recurrent physical or
psychological problem that is likely to have been caused or
exacerbated by the substance (adverse consequences).

III. Specific: Pupil Dilation

Before you do anything, consider
this. There are two trains of thought prior to detection and
intervention. One thought is to catch and punish, and the
other is to identify and help- remember why you are doing
this, and the intervention will turn out much better.

Note: A 6mm, 7mm, or 8mm pupil size could indicate that a person is
under the influence of cocaine, crack, meth., hallucinogens, crystal,
ecstasy, or other stimulant. A 1mm or 2mm pupil size could
indicate a person under the influence of heroin, opiates, or other
depressant. A pupil

close to pinpoint could indicate use.
A pupil completely dilated could indicate use.
Blown out wide pupils are indicative of crack, methamphetamine, cocaine, stimulant use. Pinpoint pupils are indicative of heroin, opiate, depressant use. http://www.nicd.us/signsandsymptomsofuse.html (Click this link for pictures)

Other causes of pupil dilation

IV. Specific: Signs and Symptoms

Alcohol: Odor on the breath. Intoxication. Difficulty focusing: glazed
appearance of the eyes. Uncharacteristically passive behavior; or combative
and argumentative behavior. Gradual (or sudden in adolescents) deterioration
in personal appearance and hygiene. Gradual development of dysfunction,
especially in job performance or school work. Absenteeism (particularly on
Monday). Unexplained bruises and accidents. Irritability. Flushed skin.
Loss of memory (blackouts). Availability and consumption of alcohol
becomes the focus of social or professional activities. Changes in
peer-group associations and friendships. Impaired interpersonal
relationships (troubled

marriage, unexplainable termination of
deep relationships, alienation from close family members).

Marijuana/Pot: Rapid, loud talking and bursts of laughter in
early stages of intoxication. Sleepy or stuporous in the later stages.
Forgetfulness in conversation. Inflammation in whites of eyes; pupils
unlikely to be dilated. Odor similar to burnt rope on clothing or breath.
Tendency to drive slowly - below speed limit. Distorted sense of time passage - tendency to overestimate time intervals. Use or possession of paraphernalia including roach clip, packs of rolling papers,pipes or bongs. Marijuana users are difficult to recognize unless they are
under the influence of the drug at the time of observation. Casual users
may show none of the general symptoms. Marijuana does have a distinct
odor and may be the same color or

a bit greener than tobacco.

Cocaine/Crack/Methamphetamines/Stimulants: Extremely dilated
pupils. Dry mouth and nose, bad breath, frequent lip licking. Excessive
activity, difficulty sitting still, lack of interest in food or sleep. Irritable,
argumentative, nervous. Talkative, but conversation often lacks
continuity; changes subjects rapidly. Runny nose, cold or chronic
sinus/nasal problems, nose bleeds. Use or possession of
paraphernalia including small spoons, razor blades, mirror,
little bottles of white powder and plastic, glass or metal straws.

Depressants: Symptoms of alcohol intoxication with no alcohol
odor on breath (remember that depressants are frequently used
with alcohol). Lack of facial expression or animation. Flat affect.
Flaccid appearance. Slurred speech. Note: There are few readily
apparent symptoms. Abuse may be indicated by activities such as
frequent visits to different physicians for prescriptions to treat
“nervousness”, “anxiety”,” stress”, etc.

Narcotics/Prescription

Drugs/Opium/Heroin/Codeine/
Oxycontin: Lethargy, drowsiness. Constricted pupils fail to respond
to light. Redness and raw nostrils from inhaling heroin in power form.
Scars (tracks) on inner arms or other parts of body, from needle injections.
Use or possession of paraphernalia, including syringes, bent spoons,
bottle caps, eye droppers, rubber tubing, cotton and needles. Slurred
speech. While there may be no readily apparent symptoms of analgesic
abuse, it may be indicated by frequent visits to different physicians or
dentists for prescriptions to treat pain of non-specific origin. In cases
where patient has chronic pain and abuse of medication is suspected,
it may be indicated by amounts and frequency taken.

Inhalants: Substance odor on breath and clothes. Runny nose.
Watering eyes. Drowsiness or unconsciousness. Poor muscle control.
Prefers group activity to being alone. Presence of

bags or rags
containing dry plastic cement or other solvent at home, in locker
at school or at work. Discarded whipped cream, spray paint or
similar chargers (users of nitrous oxide). Small bottles labeled
“incense” (users of butyl nitrite).

Solvents, Aerosols, Glue, Petrol: Nitrous Oxide - laughing gas, whippits, nitrous.
Amyl Nitrate - snappers, poppers, pearlers, rushamies.
Butyl Nitrate - locker room, bolt, bullet, rush, climax, red gold. Slurred speech,
impaired coordination, nausea, vomiting, slowed breathing. Brain damage,
pains in the chest, muscles, joints, heart trouble, severe depression, fatigue,
loss of appetite, bronchial spasm, sores on nose or mouth, nosebleeds,
diarrhea, bizarre or reckless behavior, sudden death, suffocation.

LSD/Hallucinogens: Extremely dilated pupils, (see note below). Warm
skin, excessive perspiration and body odor. Distorted sense of sight, hearing,
touch; distorted image of self

and time perception. Mood and behavior changes,
the extent depending on emotional state of the user and environmental conditions
Unpredictable flashback episodes even long after withdrawal
(although these are rare). Hallucinogenic drugs, which occur both
naturally and in synthetic form, distort or disturb sensory input,
sometimes to a great degree. Hallucinogens occur naturally in
primarily two forms, (peyote) cactus and psilocybin mushrooms.
Several chemical varieties have been synthesized, most notably
LSD, MDA , STP, and PCP. Hallucinogen usage reached a peak
in the United States in the late 1960’s, but declined shortly
thereafter due to a broader awareness of the detrimental effects
of usage. However, a disturbing trend indicating a resurgence in
hallucinogen usage by high-school and college age persons
nationwide has been acknowledged by law enforcement. With the
exception of PCP, all hallucinogens seem to share common effects
of use. Any portion of sensory perceptions may be altered to varying
degrees. Synesthesia, or the “seeing” of sounds, and the “hearing” of
colors, is a common side effect of hallucinogen use. Depersonalization,
acute anxiety, and acute depression resulting in suicide have also been
noted as a result of hallucinogen use. Note: there are some forms of
hallucinogens that are considered downers and constrict pupil diameters.

PCP: Unpredictable behavior; mood may swing from passiveness to
violence for no apparent reason. Symptoms of intoxication. Disorientation;
agitation and violence if exposed to excessive sensory stimulation. Fear,
terror. Rigid muscles. Strange gait. Deadened sensory perception
(may experience severe injuries while appearing not to notice).
Pupils may appear dilated. Mask like facial appearance. Floating
pupils, appear to follow a moving object.

Comatose (unresponsive)
if large amount consumed. Eyes may be open or closed.

Ecstasy: Confusion, depression, headaches, dizziness (from
hangover/after effects), muscle tension, panic attacks, paranoia,
possession of pacifiers (used to stop jaw clenching), lollipops,
candy necklaces, mentholated vapor rub, severe anxiety, sore
jaw (from clenching teeth after effects), vomiting or nausea
(from hangover/after effects)
Signs that your teen could be high on Ecstasy: Blurred vision,
rapid eye movement, pupil dilation, chills or sweating, high body
temperature, sweating profusely, dehydrated, confusion, faintness,
paranoia or severe anxiety, trance-like state, transfixed on sites and
sounds, unconscious clenching of the jaw, grinding teeth, very
affectionate.

V. Specific: Paraphernalia
Click Here

When I started using this One Proven Method, I began to experience tremendous growth and positive changes in my own recovery. Rev. Stephen J. Murray,

MCRC, NICD Director See this link for more about our Director and Founder Ordering is easy!Go to http://www.automateyourwebsite.com/app/aftrack.asp?AFID=181145READ MORE http://www.nicd.us/journaloffer.html

V. a) Chart Version of Signs and Symptoms of Use

DRUG SIGNS & SYMPTOMS

Stimulants (Cocaine, Ecstasy, Meth., Crystal)

Depressants (Heroin, Marijuana, Downers)

Hallucinogens (LSD)

Narcotics (Rx. Medications)

Inhalants (Paint, Gasoline, White Out)

PCP

Alcohol

Note: Paraphernalia- Keep in mind, that you may not find drugs, if you are searching for them, but you can usually find the paraphernalia associated with use.

VI. Specific: Drug Facts

Includes identifiers, definitions, language of users and dealers.
Drug Terms
Slang and Street Terms

VII. Specific: Articles and Other Resources http://www.nicd.us/thediseaseconceptandbrainchemistry.html (This is the link for brain chemistry and the drug user) http://www.nicd.us/signsandsymptomsofuse.html (This link is

for signs and symptoms) http://www.nicd.us/tollfreehotlines.html (Here is a page filled with hotline numbers) http://www.inhalants.org/ (Here is a good site that specializes in inhalant use)

VIII. Specific: Drug Pictures/Resources from the DEA

CHEMICAL CONTROL

INTRODUCTION TO DRUG CLASSES

NARCOTICSNarcotics of Natural Origin

OpiumMorphineCodeineThebaine

Semi-Synthetic Narcotics

HeroinHydromorphoneOxycodoneHydrododone

Synthetic Narcotics

Meperidine

Narcotics Treatment Drugs

MethadoneDextroproxypheneFentanylPentazocineButorphanol

DEPRESSANTSBarbiturates

Controlled Substances Uses and Effects (Chart)BenzodiazepinesGamma

Hydroxybutric AcidParaldehydeChloral HydrateGlutethimide 7

MethaqualoneMeprobamate

Newly Marketed Drugs

STIMULANTSCocaineAmphetamines

MethcathinoneMethylphenidate

ANORECTIC DRUGSKhat

CANNABISMarijuanaHashishHashish Oil

HALLUCINOGENSLSDPsilocybin & Psiocyn and Other TryptaminesPeyote & MescalineMDMA (Ecstasy) & Other PhenethylaminesPhencyclidine (PCP) & Related DrugsKetamine

STEROIDS

INHALANTS

IX. Specific: NICD Topics

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Alcohol and Drug Addiction Survival Kit

General: A series, for the individual, family, friends, employers, educators, professionals, etc. on prevention, intervention, treatment, recovery, relapse prevention, support, and other issues relating to alcoholism and drug addiction.

1. Prevention- Includes tips on how to talk to your kids about alcohol, tobacco, and drugs.

2. Detection of Signs and Symptoms- A guide to detection of alcohol and various drug usage.

3. Definition of Addiction- A DSM-IV definition of exactly what constitutes alcoholism and drug addiction.

4. Intervention- Interventions can and do work. We will show you how to do it effectively.

5. Treatment & Housing- A treatment center and halfway house locator.

6. Support- Some guides to how

to support someone while they are in treatment.

7. After Care- What to do prior to and after release from treatment.

8. Recovery / Relapse Prevention- Addiction can surface again, in the form of relapse.

9. Other Issues- Issues to think about regarding those affected by substance abuse, as well as those around them.

10. References- A list of those who contributed to this series of articles.

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X. Specific: Additional Articles

Health and Medical News News, videos, text from the world of medicine,
health, and medical.

Ecstasy information.

How Do I Talk With My Kids About Alcohol?

How Do I talk to my kids about drugs?

How Do I talk with my teenager about drugs and alcohol?

What does a crack pipe look like?

Family assistance for substance abuse.

Addiction treatment for my teenager.

Overdose or OD Information

XI. Specific: Overdose & Emergency Intervention Techniques

Drug Overdose- Drug overdoses can be accidental or on purpose. The amount of a drug needed to cause

an overdose varies with the type of drug and the person taking it. Overdoses from prescription or over-the-counter (OTC) medicines, “street” drugs, and/or alcohol can be life-threatening. Know, too, that mixing certain medications or “street” drugs with alcohol can also kill.

Physical symptoms of a drug overdose vary with the type of drug(s) taken. They include: Abnormal breathing Slurred speech Lack of coordination Slow or rapid pulse Low or elevated body temperature Enlarged or small eye pupils Reddish face Heavy sweating Drowsiness Violent outbursts Delusions and/or hallucinations Unconsciousness which may lead to coma(Note: A diabetic who takes insulin may show some of the above symptoms if he or she is having an insulin reaction.)

Parents need to watch for signs

of illegal drug and alcohol use in their children. Morning hangovers, the odor of alcohol, and red streaks in the whites of the eyes are obvious signs of alcohol use. Items such as pipes, rolling papers, eye droppers and butane lighters may be the first telling clues that someone is abusing drugs. Another clue is behavior changes such as: Lack of appetite Insomnia Hostility Mental confusion Depression Mood swings Secretive behavior Social isolation Deep sleep Hallucinations.

Prevention- Accidental prescription and over-the-counter medication overdoses may be prevented by asking your doctor or pharmacist: What is the medication and why is it being prescribed? How and when should the medication be taken and for how long? (Follow the instructions exactly as given.)

Can the medication be taken with other medicines or alcohol or not? Are there any foods to avoid while taking this medication? What are the possible side effects? What are the symptoms of an overdose and what should be done if it occurs? Should any activities be avoided such as sitting in the sun, operating heavy machinery, driving? Should the medicine still be taken if there is a pre-existing medical condition?
To avoid medication overdoses: Never take a medicine prescribed for someone else. Never give or take medication in the dark. Before each dose, always read the label on the bottle to be certain it is the correct medication. Always tell the doctor of any previous side effects or adverse reactions to medication as well as new and unusual symptoms that occur after taking the medicine. Always store medications in bottles with child-proof lids and place those bottles on high shelves, out of a child’s reach, or in locked cabinets. Take the prescribed dose, not more. Keep medications in their original containers To discourage illicit drug use among children: Set a good example for your children by not using drugs yourself. Teach your child to say “NO” to drugs and alcohol. Explain the dangers of drug use, including the risk of AIDS. Get to know your children’s friends and their parents. Know where your children are and who they are with. Listen to your children and help them to express their feelings and fears. Encourage your children to engage in healthy activities such as sports, scouting, community-based youth programs and volunteer work. Learn to recognize the signs of drug and alcohol abuse.

Questions to Ask:

Is the person not breathing and has no pulse?FIRST AIDPerform CPR
AND
Is the person not breathing, but has a pulse?FIRST AIDPerform Rescue Breathing
AND
Is the person unconscious?FIRST AIDLay the victim down on his or her left side and check airway, breathing and pulse often before emergency care. Do CPR or Rescue Breathing as needed.
AND
Does the person have any of these signs? Hallucinations Confusion Convulsions Breathing slow and shallow and/or slurring their words

Do you suspect the person has taken an overdose of drugs?FIRST AIDCall Poison Control Center. Follow

the Poison Control Center’s instructions. Approach the victim calmly and carefully. Walk the person around to keep him or her awake and to help the syrupof ipecac work faster, if you were told to give this to the victim. Also, see “Poisoning”.
AND
Is the person’s personality suddenly hostile, violent and aggressive?FIRST AIDUse caution. Protect yourself. Do not turn your back to the victim or move suddenly in front of him or her. If you can, see that the victim does not harm you, himself or herself. Remember, the victim is under the influence of a drug. Call the police to assist you if you cannot handle the situation. Leave and find a safe place to stay until the police arrive.
AND
Have you or someone else accidentally taken more than the prescribed dose of a prescription or over-the-counter medication?
DO NOT perform any technique unless it is a matter of life and death! If you are unsure of what you are doing, please follow the instructions given by a 911 operator. (Note: If doctor is not available, call Poison Control Center. Follow instructions given.)

Stephen J. Murray, MCRC is the Director of NICD, (National Institute on Chemical Dependency.)